/* Research shares the editorial shell and the site's colour tokens. */
.research-page {
  --paper-radius: var(--cv-card-radius, 24px);
  --paper-pad: clamp(20px, 3vw, 36px);
  --paper-sage: #52664d;
  --paper-orange: #984b24;
  --paper-dark: #191d19;
  --paper-dark-ink: #f1f3ed;
  --paper-dark-muted: #bec7ba;
  --paper-dark-line: #4d554a;
}

html[data-funnel-theme=dark] .research-page {
  --paper-sage: #b8c9af;
  --paper-orange: #efb087;
}

.research-page .paper-main {
  padding-inline: var(--cv-gutter, 40px);
}

.research-page :is(.paper-hero, .research-feature) {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.45fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(24px, 5vw, 68px);
}

.research-page .paper-hero {
  margin-bottom: clamp(32px, 5vw, 64px);
}

.research-page .paper-intro > .text-link {
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.research-page :is(.paper-intro, .research-hero) h1 {
  font-size: clamp(38px, 5.1vw, 72px);
  letter-spacing: -.065em;
  line-height: 1.03;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.research-page :is(.paper-intro, .research-hero) h1 span {
  color: var(--paper-sage);
}

.research-page .paper-intro .lead {
  max-width: 54ch;
}

.research-page :is(.paper-actions, .paper-downloads) {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 24px;
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: 26px;
}

.research-page :is(.paper-cover, .research-feature-visual, .callout-dark) {
  color: var(--paper-dark-ink);
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse at 100% 0, #303a2d 0, transparent 64%), var(--paper-dark);
  border: 1px solid var(--paper-dark-line);
  border-radius: var(--paper-radius);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 44px var(--cv-shadow);
  padding: var(--paper-pad);
}

.research-page :is(.paper-cover, .research-feature-visual, .callout-dark) :is(p, figcaption, small) {
  color: var(--paper-dark-muted);
}

.research-page :is(.mini-label, .section-kicker, .node-label, .equation-number) {
  color: var(--paper-orange);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 560;
  letter-spacing: .09em;
  line-height: 1.4;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-page :is(.paper-cover, .research-feature-visual, .callout-dark) .mini-label {
  color: #efb087;
}

.research-page .cover-equation {
  font-size: clamp(48px, 5.6vw, 76px);
  letter-spacing: -.065em;
  line-height: 1;
  margin-block: 24px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.research-page .cover-equation span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: var(--paper-dark-muted);
  font-size: 15px;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.research-page .research-feature-visual .cover-equation {
  font-size: clamp(32px, 4.5vw, 52px);
}

.research-page .cover-note {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.research-page .cover-chart {
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-block: 22px;
}

.research-page .cover-bar {
  color: var(--paper-dark-muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.research-page :is(.cover-bar, .lab-bars) label {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 12px;
}

.research-page :is(.cover-bar, .lab-bars) label span {
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.research-page :is(.cover-bar, .lab-bars) i {
  display: block;
  height: 8px;
  margin-top: 5px;
  max-width: 100%;
  border-radius: 99px;
  background: var(--paper-sage);
}

.research-page .cover-bar i {
  background: #b8c9af;
}

.research-page .cover-bar:last-child i {
  background: #efb087;
}

.research-page :is(.paper-facts, .assumption-grid, .research-grid, .research-standard) {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
}

.research-page .paper-facts {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-bottom: clamp(44px, 7vw, 92px);
}

.research-page :is(.paper-facts > article, .assumption-grid > *, .research-card) {
  background: var(--cv-panel);
  border: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
  border-radius: var(--paper-radius);
  min-width: 0;
  padding: var(--paper-pad);
}

.research-page :is(.paper-facts h2, .assumption-grid h3) {
  font-size: clamp(21px, 2.5vw, 28px);
}

.research-page :is(.paper-facts article, .assumption-grid) p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.research-page .paper-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(180px, 220px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(30px, 5vw, 70px);
  align-items: start;
}

.research-page .paper-toc {
  position: sticky;
  top: 116px;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 18px 0 18px 16px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
}

.research-page .paper-toc nav {
  display: grid;
  gap: 3px;
}

.research-page .paper-toc nav a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 6px 9px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-page .paper-toc nav a:is(:hover, [aria-current]) {
  background: var(--cv-soft);
}

.research-page .paper-toc nav a span {
  color: var(--paper-orange);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.research-page .paper-body {
  min-width: 0;
}

.research-page .paper-section {
  margin-bottom: clamp(48px, 7vw, 86px);
  padding-top: 26px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
}

.research-page .paper-section h2 {
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-size: var(--cv-h2);
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.research-page .paper-body p {
  max-width: 72ch;
}

.research-page .reading-lead {
  color: var(--cv-ink);
  font-size: clamp(17px, 2vw, 21px);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.research-page :is(.callout, .equation-card, .system-flow, .model-lab, .ledger-steps) {
  margin: 26px 0;
}

.research-page :is(.callout:not(.callout-dark), .equation-card, .model-lab) {
  background: var(--cv-panel);
  border: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
  border-radius: var(--paper-radius);
  padding: var(--paper-pad);
}

.research-page :is(.callout, .equation-card, .lab-result) > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.research-page :is(.system-flow, .ledger-steps) ol,
.research-page ol.ledger-steps {
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.research-page .system-flow ol {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 12px;
}

.research-page .system-flow li {
  position: relative;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 16px;
  border: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: var(--cv-panel);
}

.research-page .system-flow h3 {
  margin-top: 12px;
  font-size: 20px;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.research-page .system-flow p {
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.research-page .flow-arrow {
  color: var(--paper-orange);
  font-size: 15px;
}

.research-page .equation {
  margin-block: 16px;
  color: var(--cv-ink);
  font-size: clamp(21px, 3.2vw, 38px);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  letter-spacing: -.035em;
  line-height: 1.6;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.research-page .equation :is(sub, sup) {
  font-size: .58em;
}

.research-page .equation-words {
  font-size: 14px;
}

.research-page .symbol-grid dl,
.research-page dl.symbol-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0 20px;
  margin-block: 22px;
}

.research-page :is(.symbol-grid dl, dl.symbol-grid) > div {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(42px, auto) 1fr;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 12px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
}

.research-page .symbol-grid dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--cv-muted);
  font-size: 14px;
}

.research-page .table-scroll {
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
  margin-block: 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: var(--cv-panel);
}

.research-page .paper-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-page .paper-table :is(caption, th, td) {
  padding: 12px clamp(10px, 2vw, 20px);
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.research-page .paper-table caption {
  color: var(--cv-muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.research-page .paper-table tfoot {
  font-weight: 620;
  background: var(--cv-soft);
}

.research-page .paper-table thead {
  background: var(--cv-soft);
}

.research-page .paper-table tr + tr > *,
.research-page .paper-table :is(tbody, tfoot) {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
}

.research-page .proof {
  margin-block: 20px;
  padding: 0 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
  border-radius: 14px;
}

.research-page .proof summary {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  padding-block: 13px;
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;
}

.research-page .proof summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.research-page .proof summary span {
  color: var(--paper-orange);
}

.research-page .proof[open] summary span {
  transform: rotate(45deg);
}

.research-page .proof-body {
  padding-bottom: 12px;
}

.research-page .lab-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1.15fr);
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: start;
}

.research-page .lab-control {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px 12px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.research-page .lab-control label {
  display: flex;
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
}

.research-page .lab-control :is(label, output) {
  font-size: 14px;
}

.research-page .lab-control output {
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.research-page .lab-control input {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 44px;
  margin: 0;
  font: inherit;
  color: var(--cv-ink);
  accent-color: var(--paper-sage);
}

.research-page .lab-control input[type=number] {
  border: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  background: var(--cv-raised);
}

.research-page .lab-control small {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  color: var(--cv-muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-page .lab-reset {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.research-page .lab-result {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: clamp(16px, 3vw, 26px);
  border: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: var(--cv-soft);
}

.research-page .lab-total {
  display: block;
  color: var(--cv-ink);
  font-size: clamp(32px, 5vw, 52px);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  letter-spacing: -.055em;
  line-height: 1.12;
  margin-block: 8px;
}

.research-page .lab-verdict {
  color: var(--paper-sage);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 570;
}

.research-page .lab-verdict[data-state=over] {
  color: var(--paper-orange);
}

.research-page .lab-bars {
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-block: 18px;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.research-page .lab-bars > div {
  min-width: 0;
}

.research-page .lab-bars > div:last-child i {
  background: var(--paper-orange);
}

.research-page .lab-caption {
  font-size: 13px;
}

.research-page .model-lab h3 {
  font-size: var(--cv-h3);
}

.research-page .model-lab > .mini-label:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.research-page #single-attempt {
  font-size: 13px;
}

.research-page :is(.ledger-steps ol, ol.ledger-steps) {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
}

.research-page .ledger-steps li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 12px 16px;
  padding: 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: var(--cv-panel);
}

.research-page .ledger-number {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--cv-soft);
  color: var(--paper-orange);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.research-page .ledger-steps h3 {
  margin-top: 5px;
  font-size: 22px;
}

.research-page .ledger-steps p {
  font-size: 14px;
}

.research-page .ledger-values {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.research-page .ledger-values span {
  padding: 4px 9px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--cv-soft);
}

.research-page .ledger-values b {
  margin-left: 3px;
}

.research-page :is(.evidence-list, .references) li {
  padding: 12px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
}

.research-page .evidence-list {
  margin-block: 24px;
}

.research-page .evidence-list > div {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 112px minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: start;
  gap: 12px;
  padding-block: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
}

.research-page .evidence-list p {
  margin: 0;
}

.research-page .evidence-status {
  justify-self: start;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  color: var(--paper-sage);
  background: var(--cv-soft);
  border-radius: 99px;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.research-page .references li p {
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.research-page .paper-next {
  margin-top: 44px;
  padding-top: 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
}

.research-page .paper-next > a {
  margin: 4px 20px 0 0;
}

.research-page .research-hero {
  margin-bottom: clamp(28px, 5vw, 52px);
}

.research-page .research-feature {
  gap: clamp(16px, 4vw, 44px);
  padding: var(--paper-pad);
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
  border-radius: var(--paper-radius);
  background: var(--cv-panel);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-page .research-feature:hover {
  border-color: var(--cv-strong-line);
}

.research-page :is(.research-feature, .research-card):hover .text-link {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.research-page .research-feature h2 {
  font-size: var(--cv-h2);
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.research-page .research-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-page .research-card h2 {
  font-size: var(--cv-h3);
}

.research-page .research-card .text-link {
  margin-top: auto;
}

.research-page .research-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--cv-strong-line);
}

.research-page .research-standard {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: 52px;
}

.research-page .research-standard > header {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.research-page .research-standard h2 {
  font-size: var(--cv-h2);
}

.research-page .research-standard > div {
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
}

.research-page .research-standard > div > span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: var(--paper-orange);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.research-page .research-standard h3 {
  font-size: clamp(19px, 2vw, 24px);
}

.research-page .research-standard > div p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.research-page.research-legacy .reading-layout article section:not(.article-next) {
  padding: 26px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
}

.research-page .legacy-figure {
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.research-page .drift-values {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(86px, 1fr));
  gap: 10px;
  margin-block: 16px;
}

.research-page .drift-values span {
  padding: 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
  border-radius: 12px;
  color: var(--paper-orange);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.research-page .drift-values b {
  display: block;
  color: var(--cv-ink);
  font-size: 17px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.research-page :is(input, summary, .table-scroll):focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--cv-focus);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .research-page .system-flow ol {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .research-page :is(.paper-hero, .research-feature, .paper-layout) {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .research-page .paper-toc {
    position: static;
    border-left: 0;
    border-block: 1px solid var(--cv-line);
    padding: 18px 0;
  }

  .research-page .paper-toc nav {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .research-page :is(.paper-facts, .assumption-grid, .research-grid, .lab-grid),
  .research-page .symbol-grid dl,
  .research-page dl.symbol-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .research-page .research-standard {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .research-page .paper-table {
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .research-page .paper-table :is(th, td) {
    padding-inline: 7px;
  }

  .research-page .paper-intro > .text-link {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }

  .research-page .paper-actions {
    gap: 8px 14px;
  }

  .research-page .paper-actions :is(.button, .text-link) {
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .research-page .paper-actions .button {
    gap: 13px;
    padding-inline: 16px;
  }

  .research-page .evidence-list > div {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .research-page .model-lab > p {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.55;
  }

  .research-page .model-lab > .mini-label {
    font-size: 11px;
  }

  .research-page .lab-grid {
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .research-page .lab-control {
    gap: 3px 12px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }
}

@media print {
  html[data-funnel-theme] .research-page {
    --cv-ink: #111;
    --cv-muted: #333;
    --cv-panel: #fff;
    --cv-soft: #f3f3f1;
    --cv-line: #bbb;
    --paper-sage: #344c35;
    --paper-orange: #734321;
    --paper-dark: #fff;
    --paper-dark-ink: #111;
    --paper-dark-muted: #333;
    --paper-dark-line: #bbb;
    background: #fff;
    color: #111;
  }

  .research-page .paper-main {
    padding: 0;
    animation: none;
  }

  .research-page :is(.paper-hero, .paper-layout, .lab-grid) {
    display: block;
  }

  .research-page :is(.paper-toc, .paper-actions, .paper-next, .lab-control, .paper-intro > .text-link, .paper-downloads) {
    display: none;
  }

  .research-page :is(.paper-cover, .research-feature-visual, .callout-dark) {
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: none;
  }

  .research-page :is(.paper-cover, .research-feature-visual, .callout-dark) .mini-label {
    color: var(--paper-orange);
  }

  .research-page .paper-hero h1 {
    font-size: 30pt;
  }

  .research-page .paper-section {
    margin-bottom: 24pt;
  }

  .research-page .paper-section h2 {
    font-size: 19pt;
  }

  .research-page :is(.paper-cover, .equation-card, .lab-result, .ledger-steps li, .system-flow li, .paper-table tr) {
    break-inside: avoid;
  }

  .research-page :is(.table-scroll, .equation) {
    overflow: visible;
  }

  .research-page .paper-table thead {
    display: table-header-group;
  }
}